Biography of Mahatma Gandhi

Full Name and Common Aliases

Full Name: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
Common Aliases: Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu

Birth and Death Dates

Birth Date: October 2, 1869
Death Date: January 30, 1948

Nationality and Profession(s)

Nationality: Indian
Profession(s): Lawyer, Anti-Colonial Nationalist, Political Ethicist

Early Life and Background

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India. He was born into a Hindu family of the Vaishya caste, which was traditionally involved in trade. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, served as the diwan (chief minister) of Porbandar, and his mother, Putlibai, was a deeply religious woman who influenced Gandhi's spiritual development.

Gandhi's early education was unremarkable, but he was a diligent student. At the age of 13, he was married to Kasturba Makhanji in an arranged marriage, a common practice at the time. In 1888, Gandhi traveled to London to study law at the Inner Temple, one of the four Inns of Court. His time in London exposed him to Western ideas and philosophies, which would later influence his approach to social and political issues.

Major Accomplishments

Gandhi's major accomplishments are deeply intertwined with his role in the Indian independence movement. After returning to India from South Africa, where he had spent 21 years fighting against racial discrimination, Gandhi became a prominent leader in the struggle against British colonial rule. He pioneered the philosophy of nonviolent resistance, or Satyagraha, which became the cornerstone of his activism.

One of his significant achievements was leading the Salt March in 1930, a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to protest the British monopoly on salt production and sales. This act of civil disobedience galvanized the Indian population and drew international attention to the Indian independence movement.

Gandhi also played a crucial role in the Quit India Movement of 1942, which demanded an end to British rule in India. His leadership and commitment to nonviolence inspired millions of Indians to join the struggle for independence, which was finally achieved in 1947.

Notable Works or Actions

Gandhi's notable works extend beyond his political activism. He was a prolific writer and thinker, authoring several books and essays that articulated his philosophy of nonviolence and truth. His autobiography, "The Story of My Experiments with Truth," provides insight into his personal journey and the development of his ethical beliefs.

Gandhi's establishment of ashrams, such as the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, served as centers for community living and social reform. These ashrams embodied his principles of simplicity, self-sufficiency, and communal harmony.

Impact and Legacy

Mahatma Gandhi's impact on the world is profound and enduring. His philosophy of nonviolent resistance influenced civil rights movements across the globe, including the American civil rights movement led by Martin Luther King Jr. and the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa led by Nelson Mandela. Gandhi's emphasis on truth, nonviolence, and social justice continues to inspire activists and leaders worldwide.

In India, Gandhi is revered as the "Father of the Nation," and his birthday, October 2, is celebrated as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday. His teachings remain a guiding force in Indian society and politics, promoting peace, tolerance, and equality.

Why They Are Widely Quoted or Remembered

Mahatma Gandhi is widely quoted and remembered for his profound insights into human nature, society, and the principles of nonviolence. His quotes encapsulate timeless wisdom and moral clarity, offering guidance on how to live a life of integrity and purpose. Phrases like "Be the change you wish to see in the world" and "An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind" resonate with people across cultures and generations.

Gandhi's ability to articulate complex ideas in simple, relatable terms makes his words accessible and impactful. His legacy as a champion of peace and justice ensures that his quotes remain relevant in discussions about human rights, social justice, and personal development. Gandhi's life and teachings continue to inspire individuals to strive for a better, more equitable world.